Natural Disasters
Natural Disasters: Earthquakes, Floods, Tsunamis, and Droughts Natural disasters are catastrophic events caused by natural forces that often occur without warning, leading to widespread damage, loss of life, and environmental degradation. Among the most destructive types of natural disasters are earthquakes, floods, tsunamis, and droughts. Each of these disasters has its distinct characteristics, causes, and effects on human societies and the environment. 1. Earthquakes What is an Earthquake? An earthquake is the sudden shaking or vibration of the Earth's surface caused by the movement of tectonic plates beneath the Earth's crust. This movement releases energy in the form of seismic waves, which can be mild or devastating, depending on the intensity and depth of the quake. Causes of Earthquakes: Tectonic Plate Movements : The Earth's crust is divided into large plates that move over the molten layer beneath. When these plates collide, pull apart or slide pas...