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Soil Pollution

  Soil Pollution Pollution  is the introduction of harmful substances or pollutants or contaminants into the environment, causing damage to air, water, land or living organisms. It disturbs composition of natural resource. Pollution is occurred due to natural events or human activities and negatively impacts ecosystems and human health. It is classified into several types based on the medium (air, water and soil) it affects. There are main two types of pollution such as primary pollution and secondary pollution: Primary pollution include air pollution; water pollution, soil pollution and noise pollution. Soil pollution can be described as follows. Soil pollution refers to the degradation of the earth’s surface due to the presence of harmful chemicals, waste materials or biological agents. It affects soil fertility, plant growth, human health and the overall environment. Soil Pollutants Soil pollutants are substances that reduce the quality, fertili...
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Waste management

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  Waste management Waste management refers to the systematic collection, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste materials in a manner that minimizes their impact on human health and the environment. It includes activities such as segregation of waste at source, composting of biodegradable waste, recycling of reusable materials and safe disposal of hazardous waste. Proper waste management is essential in rapidly urbanizing countries like India, where increasing population and consumption generate large quantities of municipal solid waste. Effective waste management not only prevents soil, air and water pollution but also promotes resource conservation and sustainable development.  Central Principles of Waste Management 1. Waste hierarchy   2. Life-cycle of a Product – This is to optimize the use of the world's limited resources by avoiding the unnecessary generation of waste.  3. Resource efficiency – It is the reduction of the environmental impact from the p...
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Classify Waste

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                                                                                  Classify Waste   Waste Any unwanted, undesired, discarded, disposable, unusable material in the form of solid, liquid and gaseous is called as Waste . Any garbage, refuse or rubbish generated due to human activities is solid waste. Domestic waste water (drainage pipes) and industrial waste water (effluents), agricultural run-off is liquid waste.  Industrial smoke (chimney), burning of fossil fuel (coal and crude oil such as petrol, diesel and kerosene), plastic and rubber tires is gaseous waste.  Waste is a term for unwanted materials. Garbage is an undesired Municipal waste Rubbish usually refers to waste. The word refuse is used for urban s...
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Availability of Water Resources on Earth

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  Availability of Water Resources on Earth About 71% of Earth’s surface is covered by water and 29% of Earth’s surface is land. Water is one of the most important natural resources essential for the survival of all living beings. However, the total water available on Earth is not evenly distributed nor fully usable. Total Water on Earth: About 97% is salt water found in oceans and seas. Only 3% is freshwater . Out of this, about 2.5% is locked in glaciers, ice caps and underground. Less than 0.5% is available as surface water (rivers, lakes, ponds). Easily accessible groundwater is also used. This shows that though Earth is called the "Blue Planet," the water available for direct human use is very limited . Flowchart of Total Water (100%) Distribution on Earth  ├── Salt Water - 97% → Oceans & Seas  └── Fresh Water - 3%         ├── Glaciers & Ice Caps - 68.7%-- Polar Region, Tundra region, ice covered Himalayas  ...
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