Classify Waste

                                                                 Classify Waste  

Waste

Any unwanted, undesired, discarded, disposable, unusable material in the form of solid, liquid and gaseous is called as Waste. Any garbage, refuse or rubbish generated due to human activities is solid waste. Domestic waste water (drainage pipes) and industrial waste water (effluents), agricultural run-off is liquid waste.  Industrial smoke (chimney), burning of fossil fuel (coal and crude oil such as petrol, diesel and kerosene), plastic and rubber tires is gaseous waste. 


Waste is a term for unwanted materials. Garbage is an undesired Municipal waste

Rubbish usually refers to waste. The word refuse is used for urban solid waste.

 

         

Types of Waste (Classification)                                

  • Solid, liquid and gaseous 

  • Biodegradable and non-biodegradable 

  • Hazardous and non-hazardous 


Solid Waste Any unwanted, undesired, discarded, disposable, unusable material in the form of solid is called Solid Waste. Any garbage, refuse or rubbish generated due to human activities. For example, dry waste viz. paper, plastic, glass container, rubber items, metal scrap, e-waste and wet waste viz. kitchen waste and garden waste. 

It includes household garbage, industrial waste, biomedical waste, electronic waste and construction debris.

Types of Solid Waste

Wet waste- Municipal waste or garbage viz. kitchen waste, garden waste etc.

Dry waste- Paper, plastic, glass, rubber, metal scrap etc. 

Biodegradable waste-Animal waste and plant waste viz. spoiled vegetables, fruit, food, meat, garden waste, agriculture waste etc.

 Non-biodegradable waste- Plastic, thermocol, synthetic material, rubber items, e-waste etc.


Organic waste –Waste from natural things viz. living things like plants, animals etc.

Inorganic waste- Waste from man made things viz. other than living

Hazardous waste- Harmful waste such as bio-medical waste, e-waste, plastic and nuclear waste, heavy metals etc.

Non-hazardous waste- No harm like municipal waste or garbage for example kitchen waste, garden waste, agriculture waste etc.

 

         

                        SPOILED FRUIT

Source of Solid Waste 

Domestic Waste includes Wet waste- Municipal waste or garbage viz. kitchen waste, garden waste etc. and Dry waste- Paper, plastic, glass, rubber, metal scrap etc. Municipal waste includes garbage dumps and landfills. Sewage sludge (residue) disposal.

Industrial and mining Waste Coal mining and other mining activities, Thermal power plants, Metal processing industries, Engineering Industries, Chemical and Pharmaceutical industries, Nuclear Power plants etc. generate different types of waste.  

Industrial waste contains non-toxic as well as toxic elements such as lead, copper, acids, mercury, arsenic, radionuclides, toxic residue, ash, hazardous chemical etc.  

Agricultural /Farm waste Crop waste viz. branches and slash left are Green waste. Spoiled food grains viz. wheat, rice, jowar, nachani, bajra and spoiled vegetables and fruits etc. It also includes animal waste like gobar, animal-dung, grass, left-over animal fodder. Chemical fertilizes and pesticides packaging material.

E-waste/electronic waste E-waste such as mobile phone, computer, lap-top, television, washing machine, electric iron, fan, radio, micro-oven, air condition, xerox machine, scanner, mixer, boiler, signal generator, incubator, ECG device in hospital, homes, government sector and private sector.


Bio-Medical waste  Clinical waste mainly includes the waste from the hospitals, nursing homes, medical clinic, health centre, pathological laboratories, blood banks etc. Bio-medical waste includes metals and mercury, glass, rubber, plastic items and equipment, needles, bottles, syringes, tubes, sheets, gloves, cotton soiled with blood, other body fluids, old and leftover medicines, disinfectants like phenyl, other chemicals and their containers. Anatomical waste like the surgically removed body parts are also included in bio-medical wastes.

Bio-medical waste is highly infectious. Mercury spilled out from broken thermometers is a highly toxic bio-medical waste.

Construction and Urban Waste Rapid urbanization generates large quantities of debris and waste materials from construction sites and demolition waste, infrastructure projects like road, fly-over, bridge, tunnel and metro, monorail, underground railway sea-link etc. It includes rubble, cement, asphalt(tar), paint and varnish chemicals, metals, asbestos, synthetic materials etc.

          

MINING WASTE E-WASTE

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